welcome: please sign in
location: Diff for "Publications"
Differences between revisions 12 and 125 (spanning 113 versions)
⇤ ← Revision 12 as of 2012-01-21 10:38:54 →
Size: 9051
Editor: anonymous
Comment:
← Revision 125 as of 2020-06-10 06:37:36 → ⇥
Size: 6885
Editor: GabrielIstrate
Comment:
Deletions are marked like this. Additions are marked like this.
Line 1: Line 1:
||Previous years: ||[[Publications/2009|2009]]||[[Publications/2008|2008]]||[[Publications/2007|2007]]||[[Publications/2006|2006]]||[[Publications/2005|2005]]||
== Recent Publications ==

==== Journal Publications ====

* Aritoni O, Negru V; A multi-agent recommendation system for energy efficiency improvement, Communications in Computer and Information Science 171 CCIS, pp. 156-170, 2011
* S. Balint, S. Epure, T. Duffar, L. Braescu, “Dewetted Bridgman crystal growth: practical stability over a bounded time period in a forced regime,” Journal of Engineering Mathematics, published online, Nov. 2011, DOI 10.1007/s10665-011-9515-z
* A.M.Balint and S.Balint – Pulling rate, thermal and capillary conditions setting for rod growth –Applied Mathematics and Computation, 218(5)pp. 1634-1649 (2011) doi: 10.1016/j.amc.2011.06.043
* S.Balint, S.Epure - Non Lyapunov type stability in a model of the dewetted Bridgman crystal growth under zero gravity conditions – Microgravity Science and Technology 23(Suppl.1) (2011) 49-58 DOI 10.1007/s12217-011-9270-9
* E.J. Brambley, S. Balint, A.M. Balint and M. Darau – Comments on ”linear stability analysis of a non-slipping mean flow in a 2D-straight lined duct with respect to modes type initial(instantaneous) perturbations’’, by Balint, Balint and Darau - Applied Mathematical Modelling 35 (9), pp. 4550-4553 (2011) doi:10.1016/j.apm.2011.03.017
* St.Balint, A.M.Balint and M.Darau - Linear stability analysis of of a non slipping mean flow in a 2D straight lined duct with respect to modes type
* A. Carstea, M. Frincu, G. Macariu and D. Petcu, Validation of SymGrid-services framework through event-based simulation Int. J. Grid and Utility Computing, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2011
* E. Kaslik, S. Sivasundaram. Multistability in impulsive hybrid Hopfield neural networks with distributed delays. Nonlinear Analysis: Real World Applications, 12(3): 1640-1649, 2011.
* E. Kaslik, S. Sivasundaram. Impulsive hybrid discrete-time Hopfield neural networks with delays and multistability analysis. Neural Networks, 24(4): 370-377, 2011.
* E. Kaslik, S. Sivasundaram. Multiple periodic solutions in impulsive hybrid neural networks with delays. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 217(10): 4890-4899, 2011.
* E. Kaslik, S. Balint. Existence of heteroclinic orbits in simplified longitudinal flight dynamics. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 373(1): 94-101, 2011.
* S. Maris, L. Braescu, “Numerical study on the fluid flow and interface deflection in the case of crystals grown by Bridgman technique,” International Journal of Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences, Vol. 5/1, pp. 142-149 (2011).
* D. Petcu, S. Panica, M. Frincu, M. Neagul, D. Zaharie, G. Macariu, Dorian Gorgan, T. Stefanut, Experiences in building a Grid-based platform to serve Earth observation training activities, Computers Standards and Interfaces, Elsevier, doi:10.1016/j.csi.2011.10.010, 2011 		||<tablewidth="731px" tableheight="30px">Previous years: ||[[Publications/2018|2018]] ||[[Publications/2017|2017]] ||[[Publications/2016|2016]] ||[[Publications/2015|2015]] ||[[Publications/2014|2014]] ||[[Publications/2013|2013]] ||[[Publications/2012|2012]] ||[[Publications/2011|2011]] ||[[Publications/2010|2010]] ||[[Publications/2009|2009]] ||[[Publications/2008|2008]] ||[[Publications/2007|2007]] ||[[Publications/2006|2006]] ||[[Publications/2005|2005]] ||
Line 21: Line 4:
==== Conference Publications ==== == 2020 ==
==== Journal papers ====
 1. Turcu, F., Bonchiș C., Najim M. Vector partitions, multi-dimensional Faà di Bruno formulae and generating algorithms. Discrete Applied Mathematics, vol 272(2020), pp. 90-99, Elsevier.
 1. Balogh, J., Bonchiş C., Diniş D., Istrate G., Todinca I. On the heapability of finite partial orders. Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science, vol 22, no 1 (2020), paper #17.
Line 23: Line 9:
* O. Aritoni, V. Negru; Human behavior analysis in ubiquitous environments for energy efficiency improvement, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 7040 LNCS , pp. 222-227, 2011
* O. Aritoni, V. Negru; Multi-threading system for human behavior simulation based on constraints propagation, 15th International Conference on System Theory, Control and Computing, ICSTCC 2011 , art. no. 6085679, 2011
* L. Braescu, “The effect of stable menisci shapes on the zinc distribution in CdZnTe crystals grown by dewetted Bridgman technique,” in SPIE-Optics and Photonics 2011, (San Diego, California, USA, 2011), Proceedings of the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers 8120, pp. 81200E-1-9 (2011)
* M. Frincu, N. Villegas, D. Petcu, H.A. Mueller, R. Rouvoy, Self-Healing Distributed Scheduling Platform Procs. 11th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid'11), IEEE Computer Press, 225 - 234
* E. Kaslik, S. Sivasundaram. Projective synchronization of different chaotic discrete-time neural networks with delays, based on impulsive controllers. Proceedings of 4th Chaotic Modeling and Simulation International Conference, Agios Nikolaos, Greece, May 31-June 3, 2011, in press.
* E. Kaslik, S. Sivasundaram. Dynamics of fractional-order neural networks. Proceedings of the 2011 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, San Jose, California, USA, July 31-August 5, 2011, IEEE Computer Society Press, 2011, 611–618.
* M. Marin, A. Craciun; Type inference for regular expression pattern matching, Proceedings - 12th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, SYNASC 2010 , art. no. 5715311 , pp. 366-373, 2011
* B. di Martino, D. Petcu, R. Cossu, P. Goncalves, Tamas Mahr, and M. Loichate, Building a Mosaic of Clouds, EuroPAR 2010 workshops, LNCS 6586, 2011, 529-536
* F. Moscato, R. Aversa, B. Di Martino, F. Fortiş, V. Munteanu; An analysis of mOSAIC ontology for cloud resources annotation, 2011 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems, FedCSIS 2011 , art. no. 6078209 , pp. 973-980, 2011
* V. Munteanu, C. Mindruta, V. Negru, C. Sandru; Multi-agent architecture for solving nonlinear equations systems in semantic services environment, 2011 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems, FedCSIS 2011 , art. no. 6078251 , pp. 981-984, 2011
* S. Panica, M. Neagul, C. Craciun, D. Petcu, Serving Legacy Distributed Applications by a Self-configuring Cloud Processing Platform, Procs. of the 6th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems: Technology and Applications (IDAACS'2011), vol I, 139-145.
* D. Petcu, D. Zaharie, S. Panica, A. S. Hussein, A. Sayed, H. El-Shishiny, Fuzzy Clustering of Large Satellite Images using High Performance Computing, SPIE Volume 8183, no. 818302 (2011), SPIE Remote Sensing Conference: High-Performance Computing in Remote Sensing, 19-22 September 2011, Prague, Doi:10.1117/12.898281 (mentioned also in ISGTW)
* D. Petcu, Portability and Interoperability between Clouds: Challenges and Case Study, (invited talk), W. Abramowicz et al. (Eds.): ServiceWave 2011, LNCS 6994, pp. 62–74, 2011.
* D. Petcu, C. Craciun, M. Neagul, M. Rak, I. Lazcanotegui, Building an Interoperability API for Sky Computing, Procs of the 2011 International Conference on High Performance Computing and Simulation Workshop on Cloud Computing Interoperability and Services (InterCloud 2011), IEEE CS, ISBN 978-1-61284-381-0, 405-412
* D. Petcu, C. Craciun, M. Neagul, S. Panica, B. Di Martino, S. Venticinque, M. Rak, and R. Aversa, Architecturing a Sky Computing Platform, ServiceWave 2010 Workshops, LNCS 6569, 2011, 1-13
* D. Petcu, C. Craciun, M. Rak, Towards a cross platform Cloud API. Components for Cloud Federation, Procs. CLOSER 2011 - 1st International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science, Ed. F. Leymann, I. Ivanov, M. van Sinderen and B. Shishkov SciTePress – Science and Technology Publications, Portugal, ISBN: 978-989-8425-52-2, 166-169
* D. Petcu, S. Panica, M. Neagul, From Grid Computing Towards Sky Computing. Case Study for Earth Observation (after the invited talk, of D. Petcu, with the same title), Proceedings Cracow Grid Workshop 2010, Academic Computer Center, Poland, ISBN 978-83-61433-03-3, 11-20
* A. Popovici, D. Popovici; Dilatability to quantum linear cellular automata, Proceedings - 12th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, SYNASC 2010 , art. no. 5715309 , pp. 355-361, 2011
* S. Venticinque, R. Aversa, B. Di Martino, D. Petcu, Agent based Cloud provisioning and management. Design and Prototypal Implementation, Procs. CLOSER 2011 - 1st International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science, Ed. F. Leymann, I. Ivanov, M. van Sinderen and B. Shishkov SciTePress – Science and Technology Publications, Portugal, ISBN: 978-989-8425-52-2, 184-191
* S. Venticinque, R. Aversa, B. di Martino, M. Rak, D. Petcu, A Cloud Agency for SLA Negotiation and Management, EuroPAR 2010 workshops, LNCS 6586, 2011, 587-594
* D. Zaharie, L. Perian, V. Negru; A View Inside the Classification with Non-Nested Generalized Exemplars, IADIS European Conference on Data Mining, 24-26 iulie 2011, Rome, Italy, IADIS Proceedings, pg 19-26, ISBN: 978-972-8939-53-3
* D. Zaharie, L. Perian, V. Negru, F. Zamfirache; Evolutionary pruning of non-nested generalized exemplars, in Proc.of the 6th IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Informatics, Timisoara, 19-21 mai 2011, pg 57-62, 2011.
* F. Zamfirache, M. Frîncu, D. Zaharie; Population-based metaheuristics for tasks scheduling in heterogeneous distributed systems, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 6046 LNCS , pp. 321-328, 2011 		==== Conference papers ====
 1. Istrate G., Bonchiș C., Gatina C. It's not whom you know, it's what you (or your friends) can do: Coalitional Frameworks for Network Centralities. Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, AAMAS'2020, pp. 566-574. IFAAMAS and ACM Press.
 1. Besik Dundua, Temur Kutsia, Mircea Marin and Cleopatra Pau. Constraint Solving over Multiple Similarity Relations. In Proceedings of 5-th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2020). In print.
 1. Mircea Marin, Besik Dundua and Temur Kutsia. A Rule-based System for Computation and Deduction in Mathematica. In Proceedings of 13-th International Workshop on Rewriting Logic And Its Applications (WRA 2020). In print.
 1. B. Dundua, T. Kutsia, M. Marin, C. Pau. "Extending the \rho Log calculus with proximity relations". ''Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Applications of Mathematics and Informatics in Natural Sciences and Engineering (AMINSE 2019)'', Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics (in print).
Line 47: Line 15:
 1. B. Dundua, T. Kutsia, M. Marin, and M. Rukhaia. "Specification and Analysis of ABAC Policies in a Rule-Based Framework”. ''Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Applications of Mathematics and Informatics in Natural Sciences and Engineering (AMINSE 2019)'', Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics (in print).

== 2019 ==
=== Journal papers ===
 1. Balint, A.M., Balint, S., Tanasie, L., An axis symmetric 2D description of the growth process of a single crystal hollow tube, grown from the melt by pulling down method. Part.1, Mathematics in Engineering, Science and Aerospace 10(1), pp. 143-162, 2019
 1. Balint, A.M., Balint, S., Tanasie, L., An axis symmetric 2D description of the growth process of a single crystal hollow tube, grown from the melt, by pulling down method. Part 2, Mathematics in Engineering, Science and Aerospace 10(1), pp. 163-174, 2019
 1. Bonchiş, C., Kaslik, E., Roşu, F., HPC optimal parallel communication algorithm for the simulation of fractional-order systems, Journal of Supercomputing, 75(3), pp. 1014-1025, 2019
 1. Drăgan, I., Iuhasz, G., Petcu, D., A Scalable Platform for Monitoring Data Intensive Applications, Journal of Grid Computing Vol. 17, Issue 3, pp 503–528, 2019
 1. Drămnesc, I., Jebelean, T., Stratulat, Mechanical synthesis of sorting algorithms for binary trees by logic and combinatorial techniques Journal of Symbolic Computation, 90, pp. 3-41, 2019
 1. Dăianu, D.M., Mîndruţă, C., Polynomials of Arithmetically Homogeneous Functions: Stability and Hyperstability, Results in Mathematics,74(1),59, 2019
 1. Garrappa, R., Kaslik, E., Popolizio, M., Evaluation of fractional integrals and derivatives of elementary functions: Overview and tutorial, Mathematics, 7(5),407, 2019

=== Papers in Books ===
 1. Pungila, C., Negru, V., Accelerating DNA Biometrics in Criminal Investigations Through GPU-Based Pattern Matching, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 771, pp. 459-468, 2019
 1. Brandibur, O., Kaslik, E., Stability Analysis of Two-Dimensional Incommensurate Systems of Fractional-Order Differential Equations, Trends in Mathematics, pp. 77-92, 2019

=== Conference papers ===
 1. Crăciun A., Șurlea G. Grobner Bases with Reduction Machines. In Proceedings of FROM 2019, Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science (EPTCS) vol. 303, pp. 61-75, 2019.
 1. Drămnesc, I., Jebelean, T., Proof–based synthesis of sorting algorithms using multisets in Theorema, In Proceedings of FROM 2019, Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science (EPTCS) vol. 303, pp. 76-91, 2019.
 1. Dundua B., Kutsia T., Marin M. Variadic Equational Matching. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Intelligent Computer Mathematics (CICM'19), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, vol. 11617, pp. 77-92, Springer Verlag.
 1. Istrate, G., Bonchiș, C., Brîndușescu, A. Attacking power indices by manipulating player reliability. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS'2019). Montreal, Canada, pp. 538-54, ACM Press, 2019
 1. Iuhasz, G., Petcu, D., Perspectives on Anomaly and Event Detection in Exascale Systems, Proceedings - 5th IEEE International Conference on Big Data Security on Cloud, BigDataSecurity 2019, 5th IEEE International Conference on High Performance and Smart Computing, HPSC 2019 and 4th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Data and Security, IDS 2019, 8819496, pp. 225-229, 2019.
 1. Iuhasz G., Petcu D. Monitoring of Exascale data processing. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Advanced Scientific Computing (ICASC'19), 1-5,IEEE.
 1. Marin M., Kutsia T., Dundua B. A Rule-based Approach to the Decidability of Safety of ABACα. In Proceedings of the 24th ACM Symposium on Access Control Models and Technologies (SACMAT'2019), ACM Press.
 1. Onchis, D.M., Istin, C., Real, P., Refined Deep Learning for Digital Objects Recognition via Betti Invariants, Proceedings of CAIP'2019, Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. 11678, pp. 613-621, 2019
 1. Real, P., Molina-Abril, H., Díaz del Río, F., Onchis, D., Generating second order (co)homological information within at-model context, Proceedings of CTIC'19, Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. 11382, pp. 68-81, 2019
 1. Real, P., Molina-Abril, H., Díaz-del-Río, F., Blanco-Trejo, S., Onchis, D., Enhanced Parallel Generation of Tree Structures for the Recognition of 3D Images, Proceedings of MCPR'19, Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. 11524, pp. 292-301, 2019.
 1. Spătaru A., Ricci L., Petcu D., Guidi B. Decentralized Cloud Scheduling via Smart Contracts. Operational constraints and costs. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Internet of Things: Systems, Management and Security (IOTSMS'19), 482-489, I.E.E.E.

Previous years:

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2020

Journal papers

  1. Turcu, F., Bonchiș C., Najim M. Vector partitions, multi-dimensional Faà di Bruno formulae and generating algorithms. Discrete Applied Mathematics, vol 272(2020), pp. 90-99, Elsevier.
  2. Balogh, J., Bonchiş C., Diniş D., Istrate G., Todinca I. On the heapability of finite partial orders. Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science, vol 22, no 1 (2020), paper #17.

Conference papers

  1. Istrate G., Bonchiș C., Gatina C. It's not whom you know, it's what you (or your friends) can do: Coalitional Frameworks for Network Centralities. Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, AAMAS'2020, pp. 566-574. IFAAMAS and ACM Press.
  2. Besik Dundua, Temur Kutsia, Mircea Marin and Cleopatra Pau. Constraint Solving over Multiple Similarity Relations. In Proceedings of 5-th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2020). In print.
  3. Mircea Marin, Besik Dundua and Temur Kutsia. A Rule-based System for Computation and Deduction in Mathematica. In Proceedings of 13-th International Workshop on Rewriting Logic And Its Applications (WRA 2020). In print.

  4. B. Dundua, T. Kutsia, M. Marin, C. Pau. "Extending the \rho Log calculus with proximity relations". Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Applications of Mathematics and Informatics in Natural Sciences and Engineering (AMINSE 2019), Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics (in print).

  5. B. Dundua, T. Kutsia, M. Marin, and M. Rukhaia. "Specification and Analysis of ABAC Policies in a Rule-Based Framework”. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Applications of Mathematics and Informatics in Natural Sciences and Engineering (AMINSE 2019), Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics (in print).

2019

Journal papers

  1. Balint, A.M., Balint, S., Tanasie, L., An axis symmetric 2D description of the growth process of a single crystal hollow tube, grown from the melt by pulling down method. Part.1, Mathematics in Engineering, Science and Aerospace 10(1), pp. 143-162, 2019
  2. Balint, A.M., Balint, S., Tanasie, L., An axis symmetric 2D description of the growth process of a single crystal hollow tube, grown from the melt, by pulling down method. Part 2, Mathematics in Engineering, Science and Aerospace 10(1), pp. 163-174, 2019
  3. Bonchiş, C., Kaslik, E., Roşu, F., HPC optimal parallel communication algorithm for the simulation of fractional-order systems, Journal of Supercomputing, 75(3), pp. 1014-1025, 2019
  4. Drăgan, I., Iuhasz, G., Petcu, D., A Scalable Platform for Monitoring Data Intensive Applications, Journal of Grid Computing Vol. 17, Issue 3, pp 503–528, 2019
  5. Drămnesc, I., Jebelean, T., Stratulat, Mechanical synthesis of sorting algorithms for binary trees by logic and combinatorial techniques Journal of Symbolic Computation, 90, pp. 3-41, 2019
  6. Dăianu, D.M., Mîndruţă, C., Polynomials of Arithmetically Homogeneous Functions: Stability and Hyperstability, Results in Mathematics,74(1),59, 2019
  7. Garrappa, R., Kaslik, E., Popolizio, M., Evaluation of fractional integrals and derivatives of elementary functions: Overview and tutorial, Mathematics, 7(5),407, 2019

Papers in Books

  1. Pungila, C., Negru, V., Accelerating DNA Biometrics in Criminal Investigations Through GPU-Based Pattern Matching, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 771, pp. 459-468, 2019
  2. Brandibur, O., Kaslik, E., Stability Analysis of Two-Dimensional Incommensurate Systems of Fractional-Order Differential Equations, Trends in Mathematics, pp. 77-92, 2019

Conference papers

  1. Crăciun A., Șurlea G. Grobner Bases with Reduction Machines. In Proceedings of FROM 2019, Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science (EPTCS) vol. 303, pp. 61-75, 2019.
  2. Drămnesc, I., Jebelean, T., Proof–based synthesis of sorting algorithms using multisets in Theorema, In Proceedings of FROM 2019, Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science (EPTCS) vol. 303, pp. 76-91, 2019.
  3. Dundua B., Kutsia T., Marin M. Variadic Equational Matching. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Intelligent Computer Mathematics (CICM'19), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, vol. 11617, pp. 77-92, Springer Verlag.
  4. Istrate, G., Bonchiș, C., Brîndușescu, A. Attacking power indices by manipulating player reliability. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS'2019). Montreal, Canada, pp. 538-54, ACM Press, 2019

  5. Iuhasz, G., Petcu, D., Perspectives on Anomaly and Event Detection in Exascale Systems, Proceedings - 5th IEEE International Conference on Big Data Security on Cloud, BigDataSecurity 2019, 5th IEEE International Conference on High Performance and Smart Computing, HPSC 2019 and 4th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Data and Security, IDS 2019, 8819496, pp. 225-229, 2019.

  6. Iuhasz G., Petcu D. Monitoring of Exascale data processing. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Advanced Scientific Computing (ICASC'19), 1-5,IEEE.
  7. Marin M., Kutsia T., Dundua B. A Rule-based Approach to the Decidability of Safety of ABACα. In Proceedings of the 24th ACM Symposium on Access Control Models and Technologies (SACMAT'2019), ACM Press.
  8. Onchis, D.M., Istin, C., Real, P., Refined Deep Learning for Digital Objects Recognition via Betti Invariants, Proceedings of CAIP'2019, Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. 11678, pp. 613-621, 2019
  9. Real, P., Molina-Abril, H., Díaz del Río, F., Onchis, D., Generating second order (co)homological information within at-model context, Proceedings of CTIC'19, Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. 11382, pp. 68-81, 2019
  10. Real, P., Molina-Abril, H., Díaz-del-Río, F., Blanco-Trejo, S., Onchis, D., Enhanced Parallel Generation of Tree Structures for the Recognition of 3D Images, Proceedings of MCPR'19, Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. 11524, pp. 292-301, 2019.
  11. Spătaru A., Ricci L., Petcu D., Guidi B. Decentralized Cloud Scheduling via Smart Contracts. Operational constraints and costs. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Internet of Things: Systems, Management and Security (IOTSMS'19), 482-489, I.E.E.E.

Publications (last edited 2024-10-13 10:44:20 by DanielaZaharie)