The evolution of education ecosystems has historically been linked to social, economic, and technological advancements, culminating in the emergence of education of the future, what we might call Education 4.0. To comprehend the challenges and opportunities presented by this new educational era, it is imperative to examine the preceding educational revolutions, ranging from antiquity to the present day. Education 4.0 should respond to the learning challenges posed by modern society’s dynamic education needs, while drawing insights from the benefits of past education generations. In this new context, learners should become architects of their education, and institutions must adapt to cater to individual needs. To fully exploit the potential of technology in education, we require a conceptual model that allows us to optimize the benefits from its utilization while emphasizing new pedagogical approaches. This model must include all stakeholders in a common generic semantic space, enabling students to acquire competencies and teachers to design learning resources that precisely meet the needs of our society. Furthermore, it forms the basis for designing an intelligent cyber-physical education system that integrates virtual and physical learning environments, integrating advanced technologies like virtualization, artificial intelligence, IoT, and semantic web. Consequently, this system aims to integrate learning analytics features as a way of designing and developing personalized, flexible, and dynamic learning paths.
